Stochastic load disturbance estimation and compensation control method for grid-forming energy storage systems

Authors

• Xinchi WEI, Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Shanghai Municipal Electric Power Company, Shanghai 20000, China
• Chenwei Deng, School of Electrical & Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410014, China; State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention & Reduction for Power Grid, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410014, China
• Chen FANG, Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Shanghai Municipal Electric Power Company, Shanghai 20000, China
• Weiyu WANG, School of Electrical & Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410014, China; State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention & Reduction for Power Grid, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410014, ChinaFollow
• Jinsong LIU, Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Shanghai Municipal Electric Power Company, Shanghai 20000, China

Keywords

energy storage system; grid-forming converter; frequency stability; sliding mode observer; stochastic disturbance

Abstract

The grid-forming energy storage system is an effective means to support the independent operation of islanded microgrids. Due to the small overall inertia of the microgrid, its frequency is easily affected by distributed generation and load fluctuations, resulting in a weak disturbance rejection capability of the system. To improve the frequency stability of the microgrid during islanded operation, a stochastic load disturbance estimation and compensation control method for grid-forming converters is proposed. First, an equivalent nonlinear model of the islanded microgrid containing grid-forming energy storage systems is constructed. Then, the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process is used to describe the stochastic load disturbances in the microgrid. Subsequently, a hybrid observer (HO) is designed by utilizing the active response characteristics of grid-forming energy storage to grid frequency fluctuations and combining with the simplified nonlinear model of the system. This HO is composed of a Luenberger observer and a super-twisting sliding mode observer. Requiring only limited measurement signals, it can quickly estimate the critical states and stochastic load disturbances of the system, thereby enabling the energy storage system to rapidly and accurately compensate for the stochastic load disturbances and ensuring the frequency of the islanded microgrid is within a reasonable range. Finally, the accuracy of the load disturbance observer and the effectiveness of the disturbance compensation controller are verified through time-domain simulations.

DOI

10.19781/j.issn.1673-9140.2026.02.025

First Page

283

Last Page

292

Recommended Citation

WEI, Xinchi; Deng, Chenwei; FANG, Chen; WANG, Weiyu; and LIU, Jinsong (2026) "Stochastic load disturbance estimation and compensation control method for grid-forming energy storage systems," Journal of Electric Power Science and Technology: Vol. 41: Iss. 2, Article 25.
DOI: 10.19781/j.issn.1673-9140.2026.02.025
Available at: https://jepst.researchcommons.org/journal/vol41/iss2/25